^ This very thin sense of “duty” has been characterized using various terms. See Victor Tadros, Beyond the Scope of Consent, 50 Phil. & Pub. Affs. 430, 434 (2022) (“fact-relative dut[ies]”); Gardner, supra note 39, at 142 (“obligations to succeed” (footnote omitted)); Goldberg & Zipursky, supra note 6, at 113 (“dut[ies] of noninjury”). Because fact-relative duties cannot guide an agent’s behavior (at least not directly), and violating them does not render an agent open to criticism or blame, it is controversial whether they should be understood as genuine duties at all. For thoughts along these lines, see T.M. Scanlon, Moral Dimensions: Permissibility, Meaning, Blame 47–52 (2008).
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另一方面，在立法修改前，可以由民政部门先开展离婚冷静期例外情形试点，明确家暴例外的适用标准、证据清单、核验流程和登记时限，通过试点评估实际效果，为未来制度完善积累实践基础。
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